A sneak peek into Odisha’s rich heritage

For a culture fanatic who is dying to explore hidden secrets of different states, there are a variety of things to do in Odisha. A land of varied traditions and culture, Odisha is home to many colourful fairs and festivals. In fact, there are 13 festivals celebrated in 12 months of a year. During every season, the state hosts several religious and cultural festivals that portray its rich heritage. Being an amalgamation of various religions and sects, Odisha is a storehouse of folklores and traditions that a find place in its festivals. While during summer and spring, religious festivals are celebrated with great fanfare, it is during the winter months that the state hosts many cultural festivals. Listed below are some of the famous festivals that add colour to Odisha's cultural heritage.

Car Festival of Lord Jagannath

The Rath Yatra or Car Festival of Lord Jagannath, Devi Subhadra and Lord Balabhadra (Holy Trinity) is undoubtedly the biggest and the most popular festivals of Odisha. Held in the month of June, this is when the Holy Trinity of Jagannath temple in Puri take off on their nine-day annual sojourn to their aunt's place―the Mausi Maa Temple or Gundicha Temple. Puri, the pilgrim city of Odisha, and Grand Road (Bada Danda) in particular, turns into a giant tide of spiritual fervour, breaking the barriers of caste, creed and religion. Driven by the surge of humanity, the deities make their way to their aunt's place on three majestic chariots―Nandighosha (chariot of Lord Jagannath), Taladhwaja (chariot of Balabhadra) and Darpadalana (chariot of Subhadra). Devotees sway to the sounds of cymbals, chants and conches as the rituals, one of the grandest spectacles on the earth, unfold. Pilgrims jostle to catch a glimpse of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra and Devi Subhadra, who are escorted by the Daita servitors to their respective chariots Nandighosha, Taladhwaja and Darpadalana in a traditionally elaborate ceremony called 'Pahandi'. Atop the chariots, the Puri King Dibyasingha Deb carries out the 'Chhera Panhara' ritual where he sweeps the chariots with a golden broom after which begins the pulling of the three chariots to the Gundicha temple. The deities stay at their aunt's place for nine days before returning to Jagannath Temple in a similar fashion on the 10th day; the return journey is called 'Bahuda Yatra'. After returning to Jagannath Temple, the Trinity stay in their respective chariots for two days for other rituals like 'Suna Besha' and 'Adhar Pana'. During Suna Besha, the deities are adorned in gold jewellery on their respective chariots. Later, they are offered 'Adhar Pana', a rich drink prepared with sweetmeats and fruit juice, on their chariots. On the 12th day, the deities would enter the Jagannath Temple in the ceremonial 'Pahandi' procession, conducted by the servitors. Before that, the deities are offered 'Rasagulla' bhog. The concluding day of the Rath Yatra is called Niladri Bije.

Chandan Yatra of Lord Jagannath

Every year on the occasion of Akshaya Tritiya, thousands of pilgrims flock the pilgrim city of Puri to witness the beginning of the 21-day water sports festival―Chandan Yatra―of Lord Jagannath. The Yatra takes place at the Narendra Pokhari (pond) in Puri. As per the rituals, the representative idol of Lord Jagannath as well as five Shivalingas, known as the Pancha Pandavas, is taken in a procession from the Singhadwara of the temple to the Narendra Pokhari. After various rituals, the deities are placed on the richly decorated boats for a ride in the water body. Accordingly, Madanmohan, the representative idol of Lord Jagannath, his consort Laxmi and Panch Pandavas are taken in a grand colourful journey from the Jagannath Temple in six palanquins along the Grand Road to Narendra Pokhari. The deities are ceremonially escorted by a set of temple servitors on decorated 'Bimanas', while the Lord rides a special one called 'Manibimana'. The deities on their arrival at the Narendra Pokhari are given a sandalwood paste and aromatic water bath for cooling effect. Then the deities are taken in a procession to their respective giant swan-shaped boats. The deities move about the tank enjoying the notes and dances of Odissi presented by dancers on the decks till late in the evening. The deities return to the temple in the manner and style as they went out. The scene is repeated daily and on completion of 21 days, the concluding ceremony, known as 'Bhaunri', is observed with display of fireworks and music extravaganza.

Konark Festival of Classical Dances

Experience the beauty of classical dance forms of India at the Konark Festival of Classical Dances held in Konark. With the world famous Sun temple of Konark serving as the perfect backdrop, the annual Konark fest is held for five evenings in the month of December with Odissi being a common feature on all the days. Organised by the Culture Department, Government of Odisha, at the open air auditorium behind the Sun Temple, the festival features popular Indian classical dance troupes from across the country representing dance traditions like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Sattriya, and Mohiniattam, among others. Also visit Sun Temple, a World Heritage site built in the 13th century, in the vicinity that has been instrumental in revival of Odissi dance. Attended by leading classical dancers, connoisseurs, locals and tourists, the Konark Dance Festival is a celebration of India's diverse dance forms. Along with the dance festival, the tourism department hosts an international sand art festival on the Chandrabhaga Beach nearby. The sand art festival sees participation from both established and junior sculptors, a majority of them being girls. At the open air auditorium, an Odia food festival and a stone carving workshop is also organised. The Tourism Department of Odisha organises packaged tours to Konark and Puri during the dance festival.

Pipli Crafts Village

One of the most colourful handicrafts in Odisha is the applique work in Pipli Crafts Village, located 40 km away from Bhubaneswar. The craft, locally called Chandua, is related to the rituals and traditions of Lord Jagannath and his siblings Lord Balabhadra and Devi Subhadra. Even as there is no history behind the evolution and origin of applique work, it is believed to have started in the 17th and 18th centuries when clothes and decorative pieces were used in the Jagannath Temple in Puri during religious processions. As one approaches the quaint little village, a kaleidoscope of colours welcomes the visitors. The handicrafts adorn each shop in varied patterns and sizes―from umbrellas to lanterns, cushion covers, bags, pillow covers to canopies and much more. The intricacy of the handicraft, practiced by a specific caste of professional tailors, known as 'Darjis', is unparalleled. The technique of creating applique is basically cutting up various coloured fabrics which are then sewn on to the surface of another foundation fabric. To accentuate the look, beautiful needlework, sequins and mirrors are added to the design. The stitching varies from one item to another, but is categorised under six styles―'Bakhia', 'Taropa', 'Ganthi', 'Chikana', Button Hole and 'Ruching'. The cloth patches are simple and motifs mostly revolve around gods, animals, birds, flowers and plants. The village is home to around 150 craftsmen and there are 500 girls who are involved in needlework, besides the shopkeepers and salesmen who procure the products. Though earlier the art form was restricted to Darji caste, today it is practiced by non-caste members, notably a group of Muslims in the village.

Sadeibareni village

The Bell Metal or Dokra art of Sadeibareni village has put Dhenkanal district in Odisha in the world map. Sadeiberini Village, 5 km from Saptasajya in Dhenkanal, is home to 45 families with 130-odd artisans, all belonging to SC and ST categories who are mostly into creating Dokra handicraft, which dates back to pre-historic time of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro period of Indus Valley Civilization. The process of making Dokra is fascinating and only natural raw materials are used. Traditional Dokra is a typical tribal craft in bronze with its mesh like features giving it a distinctive beauty. Interestingly, the handicraft is still prepared by hand without involvement of any machines. Artisans of this village have been invited to international level workshops and seminars on art on several occasions in the past because of their expertise. They have a vast repertoire―gods and goddesses, tribal and animal figurines, vases, door handles, and photo-frames. Curious visitors can also go round the houses and get a first-hand experience of making the craft from the artisans, who are willing to explain the preparation process. Dhenkanal is a little over 70 km from Bhubaneswar and can be approached by taxis or trains. The best time to visit the village is between October and January. If visiting between October and November, one can also go around Dhenkanal town to witness the Laxmi Puja, which enjoys a special place in the cultural map of the district.

Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsav

Every year during February, the stage is set for the Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsav, a national festival of performing arts, at the foothills of Dhauli. The event is being hosted collectively by Bhubaneswar-based two prominent cultural organisations―Odisha Dance Academy (ODA) and Art Vision―along with support of Odisha Tourism. While Odisha's cultural calendar is replete with festivals of all kinds, this one is different from the rest as it offers an insight into the martial art forms of both India and abroad. While Dhauli Mahotsav, launched during 2004, was the brain-child of ODA founder and prominent Odissi exponent late Guru Gangadhar Pradhan, Kalinga Mahotsav was conceptualised by the city based well-known Italian Odissi dancer-choreographer Ileana Citaristi as an exclusive martial dance festival of India since 2003. Odisha Tourism―the Department of Tourism of Odisha Government―came forward as a partner clubbed the two festivals together and renamed it as Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsav since 2011. The Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsav combines martial dance, which celebrates the victory of peace over war, with classical and folk dances of the state. And the venue, Dhauli Hills alongside the Daya river, is the place where Emperor Ashok is believed to have fought the last battle of the Kalinga war before surrendering to humanity and embracing Buddhism.

Rajarani National Music Festival

Celebrate the richness of Indian classical music at the two-day Rajarani National Music Festival held in the month of January. Showcasing the three distinct classical music traditions of India―Hindustani, Carnatic and Odissi―the Rajarani music festival is held on the sprawling lawns of the Rajarani Temple complex. It is hosted jointly by the Odisha Tourism and the Bhubaneswar Music Circle and features both the veterans and the promising vocalists and instrumentalists. Eminent singers and musicians like Kavita Krishnamurti, L Subramaniam, Pandit Hariprasad Churasia, M Balamuralikrishna, Shyamamani Devi, Guru Ramhari Das and many more have performed in the prestigious festival. To create an ambience, the beautiful Rajarani Temple―built between the 10th and 11th century―is illuminated up with thousands of tiny lights during the festival. Visitors can also witness the Mukteswar Dance Festival, which is organised by the culture department, two days before the Rajarani Music Festival at the Mukteswar Temple, one of the well-maintained temples in Bhubaneswar. Named after the temple, the annual Mukteswar Dance Festival is very popular among foreign tourists who come here to witness India's traditional dance forms.

Cuttack's Durga Puja

In India, Kolkata holds the reputation of hosting lavish Durga Puja pandals, but Cuttack's Dussehra is known for its extravagance that reflects in gold and silver and brotherhood during the festivity. In Cuttack, also known as the Silver City, the idols of Goddess Durga are decorated with gold and silver crown, backdrops and ornaments. Crores of rupees are spent every year by Puja Committees at Nayasarak, Choudhury Bazar, Mangalabag, Sheikh Bazar, Jobra, Khan Nagar, Chandni Chowk and Khapuria who try to outdo each other by adding gold to the tableaux and idols. Not just the Durga idol, all the other deities that flank her also sport gold crowns including Ganesh, Kartik, Laxmi and Saraswati. Almost all the Puja pandals put up silver tableaux or Chandi Medha in the pandals imparting a sparkling aura. The fashion for Chandi Medhas began in the city more than six decades ago, but the craze for gold crowns and jewelleries for the idols began in 1995 with Choudhury Bazar puja committee as the trendsetter in both counts. It was the first to introduce the silver 'medha' way back in 1951 and later added gold to it. During the five-day festival, lakhs of people visit the puja pandals to witness the grandeur of Durga Puja in Cuttack, where even Muslims help the Hindus in organising the grand event. To add to the glitter, the 150-odd puja committees of the city spend over Rs 15 crore for decoration of the pandals, the welcome arches and immersion procession called 'Bhasani'. Like Durga Puja, immersion ceremony is organised on an equally larger scale. All the puja committees rope in folk artistes, band parties and commission massive light gates to add to the grandeur that is associated with 'Bhasani' (immersion) ceremony. In fact, the immersion ceremony after Durga Puja is counted among one of the largest carnivals of Odisha with procession of the Durga idols being taken through the main thoroughfares of the Silver City.

Joranda Mela

In the month of January, thousands of people and ascetics arrive at the international headquarters of Mahima Dharma at Joranda in Dhenkanal district of Odisha to participate in Magha Mela, also called Joranda Mela. Magha Mela is exclusively a mass prayer of ascetics for welfare of the world, which aims at spreading the message of love and humanity, sans any rituals, in the name of Mahima Gosain, the founder of Mahima Dharma. Beginning with Baba Purnima, Magha Mela is observed to mark the day of salvation of Mahima Gosain in Sunya Mandir at Joranda in 1876. The Mela is organised by the Mahanitya Sadhubhakta Mandali (Kaupanidhari society), the Satya Mahima Dharma Dhama Parichalana Samiti (Bakaldhari) and the Dhenkanal administration. The Magha Mela is celebrated on a full moon day in the month of Magha (between January and February) and continues for three days. Mahima Gosain had envisioned a classless society during the 18th century when the lower caste people were tortured by the zamindars and other rich people. He had also opposed the idea of conversion from Hinduism to Christianity. Later, his ideology influenced the society at large. His unconditional spiritual service, the message of love, humanity and universal brotherhood attracted thousands of devotees. He had ignited a perennial flame called the Akhanda Dhuni' at Joranda, which continues to burn to this day. During the mela, devotees of other castes, creeds and religions also enter the Mahima shrines known as Gadi Mandir, Dhuni Mandir, Akhanda Bati Mandir and Ghanta Mandir.

Sitalsasthi festival

Sitalsasthi is an important event in the cultural calendar of western Odisha. In the month of May, Sambalpur town hosts the week-long Sitalsasthi festival, which marks celestial wedding of Lord Shiva and his consort Parvati in three Shiva temples across the town. The marriage ceremony is held at Jharuapada, Nandapada and Mudipada that house temples of Baba Loknath, Baba Balunkeswar and Baba Jageswar (all various names of Lord Shiva) respectively. The most interesting feature of the festival is that it is conceived as real marriage of a man with a woman from two different families of the town playing the role of parents, one of them as the Barapita (groom's father) and the other as Kanyapita (bride's father). Preparation for the Sitalsasthi begins on the auspicious Akshaya Tritiya day with the completion of 'Thala Utha' ritual in Shivalayas of Sambalpur town. As per the tradition, the parents of Goddess Parvati, entrusted to solemnise the marriage are selected on the day from a list of those who apply for the coveted role. During the 'Thala Utha' ceremony, puja for the peaceful conduct of marriage is performed in the temples amid presence of senior members of the respective localities. The ceremony also marks beginning of fund raising for the festival with senior members of the three localities going from door to door in their respective areas for collection of funds. After the marriage of the divine couple, a homecoming procession of Lord Shiva and his consort Goddess Parvati to their respective temples is held and this is known as Sitalsasthi Carnival. The carnival sees participation of people from different walks of life and folk artistes who perform in the processions that are taken out by the Jharuapada, Nandapada and Mudipada organising committees. Apart from Western Odisha, people from neighbouring Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand throng Sambalpur to participate in the festival. The Sitalsasthi festival is said to have started in the 16th century under the patronage of the then Chauhan ruler of Sambalpur to usher rains after the months of blistering heat. Originally, the festival began at Somnath Temple at Balibandha and later organised at the temple of Balunkeswar Baba at Nandapada. In due course, the marriage of Loknath Baba of Jharuapada temple was also solemnised and the temple of Jageswar Baba at Mudipada joined the celebrations in 1978.

Bali Yatra

Commemorative of the ancient maritime glory of Odisha, when merchants from the State set sail to the far-eastern countries for trade and commerce, and marking the culmination of the holy Kartik month, the historic Bali Jatra fair is held in Cuttack every year in November. Held at the fair grounds on the banks of river Mahanadi, Bali Yatra is the biggest fair held in the State, which brings modern technology and the traditional craft under one platform. More than 1300 stalls are erected across the upper and lower Bali Jatra grounds selling everything from modern technology, traditional ethnic crafts to petty household articles. The famous Chanderi Saree and brass metal products from MP, woollen items from Kashmir, leather products from Rajasthan, woodcraft from AP, cane and bamboo craft from Tripura, besides Odisha's own handloom and handicrafts, are displayed during the seven-day fair. A National-level Pallishree Mela is also organised on the occasion that brings together ethnic and other rural traditional products of about 24 States. The fair also encompasses a Gandhi Shilpa Bazaar on handicraft items with about 150 stalls and the much sought after silver Filigree Pavilion to promote the traditional silver filigree works of Cuttack city. The fair witnesses a footfall of nearly three lakh every day.

Dhanu Yatra

The sleepy town of Bargarh in western Odisha comes alive the Dhanu Yatra, considered the biggest open air theatre in Asia. Held either in the month of December or January, the festival is organised to celebrate the Independence and victory of the good over the evil. With the central theme of the festival based on the Krishna Leela and Mathura Vijay, the enactment begins with wedding of King Kansa's sister Devaki with Basudev followed by his accession to throne, dethroning his father Ugrasen and concludes with 'Kansa Badha' at the hands of nephew Lord Krishna. It is a visual delight as the entire episode of Mathura Vijay and Krishna Leela is depicted frame by frame. During the festival, a Bargarh Municipality limit temporarily conforms to Mathurapuri, the capital of the kingdom of mythological demon King Kansa. River Jeera represents river Yamuna across which is situated village Ambapali that turns into Gopapur where Krishna will be brought up. The festival, which is a synthesis of stage, theatre and cinema, will be held for 11 days preceding the Pousa Purnima. Every year, the organisers add a new dimension to the festival to set aside the monotony and add colour to the festival.

Amidst the Blue Waters of Odisha

With a coastline of 485 km along the Bay of Bengal, Odisha is home to some of the best beaches in India. From Balasore to Ganjam, these pristine and beautiful beaches have everything to offer to a visitor from a clean sea bed to turquoise blue waters to golden sparkling sand. Travellers can lie back and witness sea waves crashing melodiously on the shore or engage in fun-filled activities, including fishing with the local fishermen, besides uninterrupted sunbathing. Almost all the unspoilt beaches are perfect destinations for travellers looking for tranquillity as well as adventure. Here's a look at the most scenic beaches of ODISHA.

Paradip Beach in Jagatsinghpur District

Paradip Beach in Jagatsinghpur district offers a gorgeous view of the Bay of Bengal. In fact, the beach is located on the confluence of the Mahanadi River and the Bay of Bengal. It has clear blue water, large stones on the shore and a good marine drive road. The place is ideal for a family trip, where one can go swimming or enjoy a stroll by the shimmering water. It is 94 km from Cuttack, 125 km from Bhubaneswar and connected by good roads. Although beautiful, the beach is rough many a times, particularly the two km stretch from Hanuman Temple to Sandakhuda in Paradip and the one km shoreline at Siali.

Although beautiful, the beach is rough many a times, particularly the two km stretch from Hanuman Temple to Sandakhuda in Paradip and the one km shoreline at Siali

These beach stretches have been identified as critically-vulnerable zones and are very risky for sea bathing. There is a lighthouse near the beach, which is armed with the latest differential global positioning system. There are several other attractions nearby. Visitors can relax at the sylvan gardens of Smurti Udyan, a place dedicated to the people who lost their lives in the 1999 Super Cyclone. The musical fountain inside the park is worth a watch. Odisha's biggest aquarium, the Paradip Marine Aquarium, is also located in Paradip city. It has 28 tanks with different species of fish. Paradip is also famous for its port, one of the oldest in the world. It stands testimony to the rich maritime heritage of the region. 

Gopalpur Beach in Ganjam District

Situated 16 km away from Berhampur, Gopalpur-on-Sea is a splendid retreat for avid beach lovers. From golden sands to clear blue waters, the beach has everything that can entice visitors. Besides a sun-kissed beach, Gopalpur-on-Sea offers glimpses of its past glory as a commercial port. The crumbling walls and pillars of an ancient jetty can still be found on the beach. In fact, Gopalpur was once a bustling maritime zone in Odisha and a sea port through which early settlers of Southeast Asia sailed off. Established during the British rule, the port stopped functioning in 1942 during the Second World War. There are ruins of several bungalows and mansions belonging to the European merchants, which give it a colonial look. 

A red-and-white striped lighthouse also stands on the popular beach. Commissioned in 1871, it is one of the oldest lighthouses in the State

A red-and-white striped lighthouse also stands on the popular beach. Commissioned in 1871, it is one of the oldest lighthouses in the State. Every year during Kartika Purnima, people sail tiny boats made of banana stems and paper, with lamps, betel leaves, crackers, fruits and coins in them, to mark the rich maritime history of Gopalpur-on-Sea. The beach is well connected by an excellent all-weather road which branches off from NH-5 on the outskirts of Berhampur. Regular bus services, taxis and auto rickshaws are also available.

Astaranga Beach in Puri District

Astaranga Beach is another popular beach resort near Puri. The beach offers an enchanting view of the horizon which becomes uncommonly colourful during sunset. In fact, the name Astaranga is a combination of two Odia words—asta (sunset) and ranga (colourful)—and this is why it's also called a photographer's delight. The beach is also a popular fishing destination for Puri district. A small fishing market operates on the beach every morning, where fishermen immediately sell their catch to vendors. There is a shrine of Pir Jahania near the long, sandy beach, which is frequented by both Hindus and Muslims. They come to take the blessings of Pir Jahania and offer a chadar. Apart from the magnificent sea view, visitors can watch the nesting of Olive Ridley turtles during winter. There's also a mangrove path near the mouth of the Devi River. Although a beautiful beach, many areas are muddy or have quicksand and visitors need to take guides when venturing into unexplored areas on the beach. There are no accommodation options near the beach and the travellers need to put up at Puri, Konark or Bhubaneswar. By road, the Astaranga Beach is 90 km from Puri and 19 km from Konark. It is also well-connected to Bhubaneswar.

Puri Sea Beach

This destination certainly needs no introduction. This beach in the pilgrim city of Puri is the most popular beach in Odisha and the largest in the country. The splendid beach stretches up to seven km and is a round-the-year destination for both domestic and international travellers. Visitors can enjoy both the sunrise and the sunset, sunbathe, sit back on the beach and watch local fishermen pulling their catch or mending their nets play with the waves, along with listening to the melodious rendition of the striking waves. 

Compared to other beaches in the country, Puri Beach is considered to be safer as it does not face high tide and undercurrent very often. High tides occur only during full moon, so taking a bath in the sea is an enjoyable experience

Compared to other beaches in the country, the Puri Beach is considered to be safer as it does not face high tide and undercurrent very often. High tides occur only during full moon, so taking a bath in the sea is an enjoyable experience. The area near the beach is dotted with hotels and lodgings for travellers of all categories. For food lovers, there are several shacks along the beach selling fried and grilled seafood like prawns, crabs and pomfrets, freshly caught from the sea, along with vegetable pakodas. There are also many shops selling Odisha handlooms and seashell handicrafts. Like Chandrabhaga, Puri also has a lighthouse which remains open from 4 pm to 6 pm. One can get a spectacular view of the sea and the beach from the top of the lighthouse.

Chandrabhaga Beach in Puri District

Known for its mesmerising sunset, the Chandrabhaga Beach is considered to be one of the biggest assets of the state as far as tourism is concerned. One of the finest, cleanest and greenest beaches in eastern India, it is located at Chandrabhaga village which is just three km away from the 13th-century Sun Temple at Konark, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 

As there are several mythological tales associated with the beach, a week-long Chandrabhaga Mela is organised here every year to honour the Sun god.

 
According to historians, the ships took the Sun Temple as a reference point in the sea during the maritime trade between Odisha (Kalinga), Bali, Java and Sumatra, Later, a lighthouse was constructed on Marine Road in 1967 to guide the ships. As there are several mythological tales associated with the beach, a week-long Chandrabhaga Mela is organised here every year to honour the Sun god. Every year during December and January, the Tourism Department of the Government of Odisha hosts an annual International Sand Art Festival on the sidelines of the popular Konark Dance Festival at the World Heritage Site. The Chandrabhaga Beach can be visited anytime during the year and there are a lot of luxury and budget accommodations near the beach and the Sun Temple. There are also many restaurants and refreshment stalls near the beach. Visitors can purchase beautiful seashell handicrafts from stalls on the beach at affordable prices. People can hire taxis from Bhubaneswar or Puri to reach the destination.

Baliharachandi Beach in Puri District

Swaying casuarina trees, an unending stretch of golden sand and the turbulent sea form the picturesque landscape of Baliharachandi Beach. Located 27 km away from Puri, the beach is a popular round-the-year picnic spot. A swim in the tumultuous sea is a delight for those seeking adventure. 
Besides the clean blue sea, the beach is famous for the temple of goddess Harachandi close by. The temple's sanctum sanctorum houses an asta bhuja (eight-armed) Mahisamardini Durga, who is worshipped as goddess Harachandi. She is regarded as the goddess of water and navigation who protects fishermen. All tourists coming to the beach make it a point to pay obeisance to the deity. A small river flows into the sea just 200 m away from the temple, and can be crossed in a boat for just Rs 5. On the other side of the river, there is a massive sandy dune with casuarina trees that makes for an ideal picnic spot for travellers. While the summer in Baliharchandi is extremely humid and hot, the beach experiences a tropical monsoon climate. The best time to plan a visit to Baliharachandi Beach is between the months of October and March. The beach is accessible with good roads, with the nearest railway station at Puri.

Balighai Beach in Puri District

Situated eight km on the north-eastern side of Puri, Balighai is a pristine beach that remains relatively undiscovered. It is situated at the mouth of the Nuanai River, off the Konark-Puri Marine Drive road. The beach is also a nesting site for the endangered Olive Ridley sea turtles who visit the beach every year from December to January for mass nesting. Migratory birds can be seen here during the winter months. In the evening, one can also enjoy deep fried seafood at shacks on the beach. Other attractions near the beach are the Balihirana Deer Sanctuary, where visitors can spot the endangered Balihirana antelope and Indian blackbucks; the Sea Turtle Research Centre, and small temples like Barahi, Lakshminarayan and the Amareshra. In fact, the temple of goddess Barahi dates back to the 9th century and is related to early forms of tantric worship. There are very few accommodations in the area, except for some luxury resorts in the Konark-Puri Marine Drive road. Visitors can stay in Puri and hire a taxi to reach the beach. The best time to visit the beach is between October and March.

 Aryapalli Beach in Ganjam District

Far from the hustle and bustle of city life, the silvery, quiet beach of Aryapalli is ideal for unwinding. At a distance of 30 km from Berhampur, the golden beach is surrounded by casuarina plantations and crystal-clear blue waters. While the weather is a little humid in the noon, it is pleasant towards early morning and evening. During the sunrise and the sunset, the azure sky offers an amazing colour play. Unlike other beaches, Aryapalli does not have many vendors on the shore to hound visitors. After sunbathing at the beach, visitors can go round the hamlets nearby, inhabited by Telugu-speaking fishermen, and know the socio-cultural aspects of their lives. The Sand Mineral Project lies in the vicinity, and is another attraction that cannot be missed. The area near the beach has a number of resorts and sea-facing hotels that are equipped with all amenities. The ideal time to visit Aryapalli is between the months of October and June, when the weather is at its best. Travellers can reach Arypalli beach through a taxi or an auto-rickshaw after getting down at the Chatrapur railway station in Ganjam district. The beach is just eight km from the railway station. One can also hire a taxi from Berhampur city as the National Highway passing through the beach is also well-maintained.  

 Chandipur Beach in Balasore district

Chandipur beach in Balasore district is the only beach in the eastern India where the sea recedes up to five km daily at low tide and returns during high tide, offering a truly unique sight. Adding to the beauty are the casuarina trees dotting the area. When the tide returns, fishermen rush to collect the small fishes that the waves leave behind at the shore. 

Sea recedes up to five km daily at low tide and returns during high tide. When the tide returns, fishermen rush to collect the small fishes that the waves leave behind at the shore.

 
The beach is replete with small red crabs that emerge from tiny holes on the sea bed and rush towards the vanishing water during low tide. It is equally captivating to watch the sunrise and sunset at the beach. Touted as one of the finest beaches of Odisha, Chandipur is just 16 km east of Balasore and easily accessible by road. A visit to the beach is not complete without a stroll on the dry sea bed with a packet of jhalmuri and coconut water in hand. After reaching Balasore, visitors cab hire an auto-rickshaw or taxi to reach Chandipur. There are plenty of accommodations near the beach. The Tourism Department of Odisha has a Pantha Nivas. Other places of interest like Remuna, Panchalingeswar, Aradi and Chandaneswar also lie close by. 

Balaramgadi Beach in Balasore District

Soak up the sun at the wonderful beach of Balaramgadi, which lies at the convergence of the Budhabalanga River with the Bay of Bengal in Balasore district. Calm and clean, the beach is just two km away from Chandipur Beach. Here, a tourist can enjoy the sun, surf and the sand amidst casuarina plantations. 

Visitors wishing to fish in the sea can seek the help of local fishermen who will readily volunteer to take their boat for a small price

 
While a walk on the beach in the evening is rejuvenating at any time of the day, the sunrise and sunset cast an especially magical spell. Besides swimming in the turbulent yet clean waters, one can take part in fishing and boat rides. Visitors wishing to fish in the sea can seek the help of local fishermen who will readily volunteer to take their boat for a small price. Smaller in comparison to Chandipur, Balaramgadi Beach is for those who want to unwind away from the cacophony. Visitors can hire an auto-rickshaw from Chandipur Beach to Balaramgadi, which is roughly an hour away. There are limited accommodations here and visitors have to stay near Chandipur Beach. The drive from Chandipur to Balaramgadi is a beautiful one, with casuarina trees on both the sides.

Odisha's Buddhist Heritage

Even though Lord Buddha had never visited Odisha during his lifetime, the state has a rich heritage of Buddhism. In fact, Odisha is home to more than 200 Buddhist sites, scattered across its length and breadth. Here, Buddhism flourished from the 6th century BC to at least 15th to 16th century AD. After the death of the Buddha, his followers were divided into two sects―'Hinayana' and 'Mahayana'. The latest Buddhist phase is 'Vajrayana' which is believed to have been originated from Odisha. According to the Buddhist scholars of Odisha Institute of Maritime and South East Asian Studies, Biraja (modern Jajpur) was a sacred land of Buddha Padmaprabha and the cradle of 'Mahayana'. The presence of 'Mahayana' antiquities, stupas and relics in Jajpur district are a testimony to this. Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang visited these Buddhist sites in Odisha in the 7th century and between 8th and 10th century. Buddhism was the religion under the Bhaumakaras clan. The tantric form of 'Mahayana' Buddhism started during this period. One of the most popular Buddhist destinations in Odisha is the Diamond Triangle comprising Ratnagiri, Udayagiri and Lalitgiri in Jajpur district. There are several places in the state where Buddhism is still practiced today. Trips To Roads Less Travelled gives you a look into the sites that would interest travellers on exploring Buddhist heritage of Odisha.

Langudi

Explore the remains of a Buddhist centre of learning that flourished till 11th century at Langudi Hill, located 90 km away from Bhubaneswar. The site is situated in Salipur village of Jajpur district. There are a series of 34 rock-cut Buddhist stupas and several early medieval Buddhist monuments and shrines atop the hill. The most popular of these rock-cut stupas is the 7th century 'Smaudra Mudra' image of Lord Buddha. Historians say the hill also has the remains of Pushpagiri University or Puspagiri Mahavihara, a major Buddhist centre of learning that flourished from 2nd century BC to 10th century AD. Excavations by Odisha Institute of Maritime and South East Asian Studies revealed that the structures found on Langudi Hill are even older and larger than other Buddhist centres of learning like Nalanda and Vikramashila. The remains indicate that it was a centre of the Hinayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana sects of Buddhism. The northern part of the hill houses the country's oldest Ashoka stupa. Besides images of Buddha in various postures, there are sculptures of Hindu goddesses on the hill. Flowing below the hill is river Kelua, a tributary of river Brahmani. This is a centrally protected site by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Buddhist Sites in Balasore and Bhadrak

The districts of Balasore and Bhadrak have a significant number of smaller Buddhist sites. Numerous Buddhist relics, both small and big, lie scattered in Balasore district. There is a museum in Santikanan area which contains images of Khasarpana, Lokeswar, Avalokiteswar, Buddha and Tara. At the 11th century Marichi temple in Ajodhya area of Balasore district, the idols of Goddess Durga (Mahayana Goddess Marichi) and Lord Buddha are worshipped together. Besides these main idols, there are other smaller idols related to Tantric cult and Jainism. There is a small Buddhist stupa on the temple premises. Images of Buddha can also be found at Khadipada and Soro. The ideal base to visit these places is through the town of Balasore with the help of a taxi. Surrounded by hills on three sides, lies a quaint village called Kupari in Bhadrak district (67 km away from Balasore), where remains of an old Buddhist temple and a monastery have been discovered. Towards the west of the village, visitors can see a well preserved portion of the monastery―a long narrow hall surrounded by pillars. There is an image of Mayadevi near the site and an inscription on the back of it refers to 10th century AD.

Padmasambhava Mahavihara Monastery

Amidst the verdant surroundings in Jirang near Chandragiri of Gajapati district, stands the beautiful Padmasambhava Mahavihara monastery, reportedly the largest in eastern India. The colony which houses the monastery is Buddha Vihar (the land of happiness and plenty) and area is popularly known as a mini Tibet in Odisha. It is a part of the Rigon Thubten Mindolling monastery that was part of the Tibetan settlement near Chandragiri. The monastery is named after Acharya Padmasambhava, who was born in Odisha and is believed to have spread Buddhism to Tibet in 7th century. Driving through the roads of Jirang, visitors are welcomed to the Buddha Vihar with Buddhist flags on both sides of the road. Inaugurated by Dalai Lama in 2010, it has been built as per the 'Atanpuri style of Nalanda' and in the assembly hall, a 23-foot-high idol of Lord Buddha along with his two disciples have been installed. On the right side of the Buddha's idol is the 1000-armed, 1000-eyed Avalokiteswar. While on the left, is the large idol of Guru Nangsi Zilnon. The five-storey monastery has its interiors richly decorated with traditional religious paintings of Tibetan culture. The 70-feet-high monastery can house over 200 Lamas. Apparently, Jirang is considered one of the earliest Tibetan resettlement villages in the country; the Tibetans had arrived here on May 1, 1963. Visitors can also experience maize cultivation in the village, which is the main avocation of the Tibetans. Jirang can be approached by road through Berhampur.

Jaugada Hill

After Dhauli Hills, Jaugada Hill in Ganjam District is the second place where one of the famous rock edicts of emperor Ashoka is located. Located at a distance of 30 km from Berhampur, Jaugada was also an ancient fortified settlement that had boundary walls with four main gates each. It was a settlement similar to Sisupalgarh in Bhubaneswar. The fort is believed to have been built by Duryodhan. Inside the fort, there are five stone images worshipped in the temple of Gupteswar. Locals believe the five images represent the five Pandavas. Jaugada Hill, a part of the Malati Range of hills, has a large clean surface of granite where there is an Ashokan edict that provides valuable information about the pattern of administration followed by the Kalingan emperor. The site is preserved by the Archaeological Survey of India. Few kilometres from Jaudaga, visitors can visit the ruins of an ancient fort and a temple at Kesarpali near Buguda. Here, there is a Biranchinarayan Temple with an exquisitely carved wooden 'Jagamohan' (prayer hall of a temple) and mural paintings on stories from Ramayana. Another site Buddhakhol is located just two km away from Jaugada where there are various images of Buddhist pantheon along with small Shaivite shrines. On the way to the site from Berhampur or Chhatrapur, one can also see the Tara Tarini Temple, which is one of the famous shrines of Shakti in south Odisha.

Kuruma

Located 10 km south-east of the popular Sun temple in Konark, is the ancient lesser known Buddhist site of Kuruma. It is said that a Buddhist monastery flourished in the area, remnants of which were found during excavations by the State Archaeology wing. In fact, in the pages of history, this monastery has been mentioned by Hiuen Tsang. The origin of the site is dated to be between 8th and 9th century AD.

At the site currently, there is a small temple which houses three Buddhist images―crowned Buddha seated in Bhumisparsa mudra, Padmapani Avalokitesvara and Revanta. These three images are jointly worshipped as 'Yamadharma' by Kuruma villagers. These images were found near a water tank called Dharma Pokhari (tank of Dharma), located at one end of the village, by a school teacher Brajabandhu Dash in the 70s. Later on, the archaeological wing started excavating the site. Historians say the length and width of the monastery is 34 m each and it also houses a shrine chamber, cells for Buddhist monks and a large courtyard, which is in the shape of 'Swastik', denoting tantric Buddhism (Vajrayana or Tantrayana). Visitors can hire taxis from either Puri or Konark to reach Kuruma.

Shanti Stupa

One of the popular landmarks of Odisha's Buddhist heritage is the Dhauli International Peace Pagoda (Shanti Stupa), located eight km south on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar. 
The Peace Pagoda stands atop the Dhauli Hills, close to the river bank of Daya river. It was built as a collaborative project between Kalinga Nippon Sangha and the Odisha Government in 1972 to commemorate the famous Kalinga War that was fought along the banks of the Daya river around 261 BC. The war was won by emperor Ashoka, but the bloodshed that had happened, change his heart and he converted to Dharma Ashoka (peace lover) from Chanda Ashoka (fierce warrior). Emperor Ashoka subsequently turned a Buddhist and started propagating Buddhism to kingdoms in foreign lands. The Dhauli Shanti Stupa has four massive idols of Lord Buddha in various postures along with episodes from Gautam Buddha's life carved on stone slabs. Just behind the Stupa stands a Shiva temple, which sees a large crowd during Shivaratri. Other major attractions of Dhauli Hills are the various rock edicts, which are a living testimony of emperor Ashoka’s change of heart. Historians say Ashoka wrote ‘Welfare of the Whole World’ in Kalinga Edict VI, depicting his concern about mankind. A rock-cut elephant located above the edicts is considered to be one of the oldest Buddhist sculptures in the State. The Dhauli Hills also provide a bird's eye view of the entire area, lush green agricultural lands and the river Daya. The heritage site is approachable from Bhubaneswar by buses and taxis. 

Lalitgiri

Considered one of the earliest Buddhist sites in Odisha, Lalitgiri stands between the hills of Parabhadi and Landa belonging to the Assian Hill range in Jajpur district. A huge banyan dominates the area that is home to a massive brick stupa. The site was excavated from 1985 to 1992, and from the stupa, a precious relic casket containing bones, believed by some historians to be of Gautam Buddha himself or one of his important followers, was found. The relic casket comprised four containers one inside the other, each layer made of khondalite, steatite, silver and gold respectively. These containers were arranged in the manner of a Chinese puzzle box. Being one of the most important findings of Buddhist heritage in Odisha so far, the casket has been shifted to a small museum nearby. The stupa can be accessed by a flight of steep steps. Hiuen Tsang had described that the stupa at Lalitgiri's highest point emitted a brilliant light due to its sacredness. Excavations also revealed the remains of four monasteries and sculptures of Lord Buddha in different postures belonging to Mahayanistic phase of Buddhism. Antiquities like gold and silver ornaments, stone plaques of Ganesha and Mahisasurmardini Durga, and a tiny figure of Avloketisvara is also found here. Excavated inscribed potsherds belonging to different time spans i.e. post Mauryan period to 8th-9th century AD suggest that Lalitagiri was occupied by both Hinayana and Mahayana sects. In subsequent period the site came under the control of Vajrayana faith of Buddhism patronised by the ruling Bhaumakaras (9th-10th century AD). Hence, historians say that Lalitgiri is one of the earliest Buddhist sites of Odisha having a cultural continuity from the post Mauryan period to 13th century AD without any break. At the site, there is a small sculpture shed where all the sculptures found from the spot have been kept. The site is open for tourists from dawn to dusk. Entry is free for Indians while foreigners have to pay `100 to enter the site. Lalitgiri is 90 km away from Bhubaneswar and can be approached by road.

Udayagiri

Udayagiri or the 'Sunrise Hill' is another important Buddhist site located on the banks of River Birupa. It is just 10 km away from Ratnagiri. Votive stupas can be found scattered here. This site, dating back from 2nd century AD to 13th century AD, was divided into Udayagiri 1 and Udayagiri 2 for excavation purpose from 1958 to 2000. Excavations at Udayagiri 1 have revealed remains of a large complex―Madhavapura Mahavihara―comprising a Maha Stupa and a square monastery. Maha Stupa has four niches, enshrining a beautifully carved image of Dhyani Buddha Aksobhaya on the eastern side, Amitabha on the western side, Amoghasiddhi on the north and Ratnasambhava on the south; all inscribed with Buddhist creeds. Similarly, the square monastery has an ornate gateway leading to the shrine chamber that houses the image of Lord Buddha in 'Bhumisparsa' mudra. Excavations at Udayagiri 2 have also led to discovery of the remains of a brick-built monastic complex called Simhaprastha Mahavihara with 'Pradakshinapatha' (parikrama) around the sanctum. A large number of sculptures of Buddha and other Buddhist divinities like Tara, Manjushri, Bhrikuti, Hariti, Chunda, Avalokiteswara, Maitreya, Aparajita, Vairochona and Vasudhara have been discovered here.

Ratnagiri

Ratnagiri in Jajpur district of Odisha is often referred to as the 'Hill of Jewels'. This site is located on an isolated hillock of Assia Range between Birupa and Brahmani rivers. Many Buddhist remains, including a massive stupa (Maha Stupa), monasteries, temples and Buddhist antiquities―dating from 5th century to 13th century AD―have been excavated from this site. The ruins of the Maha Stupa can be seen atop the hill. The stupa, made of burnt bricks, is surrounded by votive stupas. Apparently, around 700 votive stupas have been found from this site during the course of excavations. A mound, locally called Ranipokhari or queen's tank, is located to the north of Maha Stupa. The remains of two monasteries, lying side by side with a narrow passage in between can be seen here. Both the monasteries face the Maha Stupa. Also, antiquities including the stone and bronze images of the Buddha and a host of other divinities like Tara, Lokesvara, Vajrapani, Padmapani Aparajita, Heruka, Sambhara and Hariti have been found from the spot. A visit to Ratnagiri will not be complete without visiting a Buddhist museum on the north-west corner of the site, which exhibits an impressive collection of antiquities that were excavated from the site. There are four galleries in the museum that remain open from 10 am to 5 pm and are closed on Friday.Ratnagiri is 100 km away from Bhubaneswar and can be approached by road.

Exploring Cuttack - Odisha's Silver City

Known for its rich cultural history, extravagance and brotherhood, Cuttack is a tourist destination par excellence. An island lying at the head of the Mahanadi Delta formed by rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi, Cuttack is often referred to as a Millennium City owing to its 1000 year-old history. The City was ruled by Mughals, Afghans and Marathas before coming under the British rule, during which it became the capital of Odisha. In 1956, the capital was shifted to Bhubaneswar. The Mughals, however, ruled the city for the maximum period as a result of which, there is quite a number of Muslim monuments in Cuttack. Popular for its Baliyatra, Eid and Durga Puja, both Hindus and Muslims celebrate every festival in great fervour and bonhomie. Here's a look into places of historical and tourism importance in Cuttack.

Dhabaleswar

Dhabaleswar is popular for the temple of Lord Shiva that stands on a hillock in the middle of river Mahanadi. Located in an island on the river near Mancheswar village of Athagarh block, 37 km from Cuttack city, the temple is embellished with stone carvings that date back to the early 10th and 11th century. It is said King Purusottam Dev established the temple in the middle of river Mahanadi so that his queen Padmabati could worship Shiva. However, the historians are silent over the exact timing of its establishment. According to old scriptures, this sacred place was known as Hariharpitha.
Far away from the madding crowd, the Dhabaleswar temple, both scenic and enchanting, is nestled amidst natural environment. Here 'Bada Osha' is considered the most auspicious of festivals. It draws devotees in lakhs and is celebrated with religious fervour. 'Bada Osha' is observed just a day before Kartika Purnima in November. The added attraction to the shrine is country's longest suspension bridge which connects the island to the mainland. Visitors can reach Dhabaleswar from Cuttack by using boats and ferries. They can also take the foot-over bridge route to reach the temple by paying a nominal fee.

Swarajya Ashram

The Swarajya Ashram at Telengapentha is synonymous with Mahatma Gandhi's relationship with Odisha, Cuttack in particular. The double-storey Ashram, located opposite the banks of river Kathajodi. was in the thick of the Non Cooperation Movement in the 1920s. This is where Gandhi spent his nights during his visits to Odisha; the first visit being on March 22, 1921. It is from here that the Father of the Nation went to the river bed of Kathajodi through the Ganesh ghat area in the mornings to address public gatherings.
After ages of neglect, the ashram that spreads over 1100 sq ft area has been converted into a protected monument by the Government of Odisha. There are around 200 photographs in the Ashram that captured Gandhi's visit to Odisha beginning with the one in 1921, the first of his seven trips to Odisha's 69 sites till 1946. A stone slab in the hall of the ashram, where Gandhi during his meetings, has been plastered and a statue of Gandhi installed on it. Historians say that Cuttack was the seat of the Freedom Movement is Odisha and the Swaraj Ashram played a pivotal role in paving the way for Swaraj Movement. During this period, the ashram was the place of meetings for all National leaders who visited Odisha during the Freedom Movement. The building has been developed into a tourism site by the Odisha Government and INTACH and it remains open round the year. Currently, INTACH is working on projecting the site as a freedom fighters memorial.

Qadam-l-Rasool

A large roof designed with beautiful images from Ismalic art and ornate minarets mark the 18th century Muslim shrine in Cuttack, Qadam-l-Rasool (Footprint of the Messenger). Located in the busy Jail Road area in Cuttack, the dargah was built in Indo-Islamic architectural style by Shujauddin Mohammed Khan. It spreads over an area of 57 acres and has a high compound wall with towers at each of the four corners. A large minaret in the centre of the dargah, bearing the crescent and the star, is complimented by nine small minarets that have been designed with wood carvings and lacquer craft. The Qadam-e-Rasool or the footprint of the Messenger has been placed inside a metal basin in the centre of the dargah, which also has a music gallery known as Nawabat Khana. There are three smaller mosques inside the shrine.
Cuttack-based historian Amal Kumar Mishra says footprint of the Prophet Mohammad engraved in a circular stone was brought to Cuttack by Haji Syed Alimullah, a close relative of Syed Hashim of Mashar of Persia, from Najab in Arabia with the signature of the Sheriff of Mecca. The sacred relic was kept under a tree at the remote Kukuriapada village in Cuttack district to testify its power and genuineness. "When people in the village and nearby areas started getting cured of many ailments, the then deputy nazim Shujauddin Mohammed Khan decided to bring it to its present location, which is Cuttack town," he says. A similar relic can be found in Dargah Qadam Sharif in New Delhi.

Naraj

Naraj is a picturesque spot on the outskirts of the district headquarters town of Cuttack. Here, visitors can enjoy the scenic view of the river Mahanadi at the origin of its branch Kathajodi. The site, which gives a panoramic view of the vast expanse of the river Mahanadi, is also frequented by devotees for offering prayers at the temple of Lord Sidheswar that stands nearby. The small ornate temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is frequented by devotees during the annual Shivaratri festival.
Apart from the scenic beauty that the place offers, Naraj was also once a famous seat of Buddhist culture and learning. Excavations by archaeologists in the past had revealed presence of various small and big Buddhist images from the spot. Every year during the winter, thousands of locals visit Naraj for picnicking. The place is located 14 km towards west from Cuttack town and 28 km from the State Capital of Bhubaneswar. It can be approached through taxis and the nearest railway station is at Cuttack. Visitors can also take buses to the site from the Badambadi bus stand at Cuttack. Best time to visit is between October and January.

Jobra Barrage

The Jobra Barrage, also known as Mahanadi Barrage, is probably the most popular hangout for Cuttackians. Build over the majestic river Mahanadi, the Jobra Barrage carries a 2 km long road bridge connecting Cuttack and Jagatpur. The barrage is situated near to the longest river bridge of Odisha and one of the longest in India, the Mahanadi road bridge. Along the road bridge, there is a Jobra Park, a Deer Park and a sunset point.
Another interesting thing to see is the stone revetment on the banks of river Kathjhodi, a marvel of ancient engineering technique. The centuries-old stone formation bears testimony to the technical skill and logical thinking of Odias of 11th century. Built by the Keshari kings and having survived the test of time, the revetment safeguards the city from seasonal floods. In fact, it was built with a purpose of saving the Millennium City from the devastation of the floods caused by the river Mahanadi. A typical example of the ancient Odishan architecture, the stone pavement gets tourist footfall round the year. The place should not be missed by both architecture and nature lovers. The best time to visit is during winter when migratory birds can be seen in the river.

Netaji Museum

History buffs interested in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose will surely find the Netaji Museum in Odia Bazaar at Cuttack interesting. Netaji was born in Cuttack on January 23, 1897 at the Janakinath Bhawan, named after his father Janakinath Bose. This ancestral house has been converted into the Netaji Museum by the Odisha Government and memorabilia associated with the great leader are being showcased through 15 galleries. A large gate with green sculptures of Netaji leading his Indian National Army (INA) stands at the approach road to the museum. The wall on one side of the road has been decorated with graffiti on the various stages of life of the leader and outside the house, is a beautiful garden and a replica of a horse carriage used by Netaji.
Inside, one gets to see his rare photographs, letters that he wrote to his family members during his stay in various jails and Netaji's INA uniform, among the various rare artefacts. The museum is a two storey house with 12 rooms and each room has been converted into a gallery. There is a study room that contains the table and chair of Netaji and book shelves, while in another gallery on his prison life, letters written by him from the prison have been exhibited. Netaji's rare letters that express his views about a strong and Independent India are the most prized possession of the museum. From 2010 to 2013, the Odisha Government added three more galleries to the museum which includes a special gallery that throws light on the spiritual aspect of Netaji. The spiritual beliefs of Netaji are not well known among people; not many know that Netaji always carried a copy of the Gita, a photo of Goddess Kali and Rudrakshya beads with him. Visitors have to pay a nominal entry fee to visit the museum.

Ravenshaw University

The Ravenshaw University evokes a feeling of pride and honour in every Odia. One of the oldest and the largest educational institutions of the country, Ravenshaw University is a witness to the history of modern Odisha. The majestic structure stands on College Square Chack, close to the Cuttack Railway Station. As per the records of the University, it came into existence on the November 15, 2006; it was an upgradation of Ravenshaw College established in 1868. During the freedom struggle, the Ravenshaw College played a vital role in promoting nationalism and geared up youths to take part in the fight against British.
The records also state that the university's hall was the venue for the declaration of Odisha as a separate province on April 1, 1936 and thereafter it housed the State's first Legislative Assembly. After Independence, the Assembly was shifted to Bhubaneswar, the new capital of Odisha. During Quit India Movement of 1942, students of the institution brought down the Union Jack as a mark of Nationalistic fervour. As far as its architecture is concerned, Ravenshaw University is an amalgamation of Victorian, Indian and Gothic architecture. The beautiful columns, capitals and designs give a lot of information about the architecture of the British era. The 95-year-old red building has been constructed over a sprawling area of 87.4 acres of land.

Chandi Mandir

The Cuttack Chandi Mandir, one of the oldest temples in Odisha, attracts more than 20 lakh devotees a year. Here, Goddess Kata Chandi is worshipped and she is considered the presiding deity of the Silver City. The fifth generation of the first priest of the temple still continues to perform the daily rituals of the Goddess. Although there is no written history of the temple, the story goes that the late Hansa Panda, who was the Purohit of the then Kanika Raja of Cuttack, used to graze cattle and sheep in the land. One day Panda was feeling tired and took rest there. On the same night, the Goddess Katakeswari Chandi appeared in his dream and requested him to take her out of the land. He narrated the incident to the Kanika king who ordered his workers to dig up the place.
Subsequently, 40 bullock carts of red sindoor and an idol were found. The idol is being worshipped as Goddess Katak Chandi since then. Locals worship the Goddess as a Living Goddess. Durga Puja is a major festival celebrated in the temple when the Goddess is worshipped in various incarnations of Goddess Durga. Durga Puja is celebrated in temple for 16 days starting from Ashwina Krishna Ashtami till Ashwina Shukla Navami and Vijayadashami. Only Hindus are allowed in the temple and the best time to visit is during Dussehra.

Silver Filigree Workshops

A visit to Cuttack, also known as the Silver City, is incomplete without witnessing its Tarakashi (silver filigree) craft. In fact, it is the silver filigree work that has put Cuttack in the world map. The city is home to nearly 2000 Tarakashi artisans who had inherited the craftsmanship from their forefathers. The filigree workshops can be found at Dolomundai, Nayasarak, Choudhary Bazaar, Balu Bazaar and Bania Sahi, among other places in the city. The craft, which dates back to 500 years, includes creating thin strands of silver wires that are used to make a wide range of jewellery, utility items and exquisite showpieces and utensils that are marketed globally. Artisans bend these silver wires into different sizes and create designs out of them. The silver wires are of extremely high quality. Ornaments like necklaces, ear pendants, brooches, anklets, hairpins, bangles and those worn by the Odissi dancers are some of the items manufactured. Some artisans have even made replicas of the Taj Mahal and the Konark Temple in Tarakashi. The beauty of Tarakashi craft can be seen during the famed Durga Puja of Cuttack when, the idol of the Goddess is put up against a massive backdrop that is designed with only silver filigree. Every Durga Puja pandal uses backdrops made up of silver filigree during the festival.

Maritime Museum

Cuttack, with the largest river of the State―Mahanadi, was the seat of maritime activities in the Colonial era. Three years back, Odisha Government opened the Odisha State Maritime Museum that showcases the rich maritime history of the state. Set up on the banks of river Mahanadi over four acres of land, the museum stands on the site of the ancient Maritime Engineering Workshop that was established by the British in 1869. Apparently, this workshop was set up for building, repair and maintenance of vessels from the provinces of Bihar, Bengal and Odisha under the Bengal Presidency of British India. It ensured smooth operation on the waterways―the major channel of communication then.
The workshop was set up by the then PWD department of British administration through the efforts of a Scottish Engineer GH Faulkner immediately after the 1866 famine in Odisha. The museum has 13 galleries showcasing maritime traditions, vessels, boats and other related artefacts from the ancient age to the colonial era. A library with more than 1000 books and journals has been included for researchers in the museum. Except Monday, the museum remains open for the visitors on all working days from 10 am to 4 pm. An entry fee of Rs 10 is being collected from the visitors. For group tickets for persons above 25 years (30 visitors in a group) Rs 200 is being charged. However, there is no entry fee for students and children below 10 years.

Barabati Fort

Barabati Fort, built by the Ganga dynasty on the banks of River Mahanadi, is one of the most sought-after tourist attractions of Cuttack. Located near the Baliyatra Ground, this ruined fort stands on the west side of the Millennium City. According to historians, Barabati Fort once housed a nine-storey palace. While the fort is spread over an area of 102 acres, it has a 20-yard wide moat to protect the structure. What stands at the site today are the ruins of the palace on an earthen mound, the hyacinth-filled moat and the fort. The area is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India.
Historians say the entire site came up over a period of years and construction of the fort was started in 989 AD by King Marakata Keshari while he was building embankments on the shore of river Mahanadi to protect the city from floods. Later in the 14th century, Mukundadev Harichandan, a Chalukyan King, built the nine-storey palace. Excavations carried out by archaeologists have revealed that the fort was rectangular in structure and it was surrounded on all sides by a wall of laterite and sandstone. In the recent years, stone images of deities and dancing women have been found from spots around the moat. The gateway of the fort is minimally designed with large laterite stones. The best season to visit the spot is winter.